Grub reinstall after the installation of the Windows XP (when Fedora is previously installed)

This is my own practical Experience. Let me clear all the things
--> I have fedora installed on my whole 320 Gb laptop.
--> But now i want Xp also.
-->Firstly i made 100gb free.
-->Secondly I go in " Disk Utilities " (Under Accessories > System) option and vacant the appropriate space in the Hard disk(100 gb in my case).
--> Then boot the Windows Xp cd and made the whole installation on that 100 gb space.
Now the problem starts:-
As fedora is not booting .
Now i boot my os with the Fedora cd (live)
and open terminal and now following steps are involved.

Step1 Enter grub
Step2 Find the partition where the Grub Stage1 is:

grub>find /grub/stage1

Output from these commands might be:

(hd0,1)
(hd0,3)

In my case, I had to restore GRUB from second partition on first hard disk (hd0,1), by typing this:

grub>root (hd0,1)

which gives me the output

Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83

Then type
step 3:

grub>setup (hd0)

which gives the output

Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... yes
Checking if "/boot/grub/stage2" exists... yes
Checking if "/boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5" exists... yes
Running "embed /boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5 (hd0)"... 15 sectors are embedded.
succeeded
Running "install /boot/grub/stage1 d (hd0) (hd0)1+15 p (hd0,1)/boot/grub/stage
2 /boot/grub/menu.lst"... succeeded
Done.

Exit the Grub, and reboot. If everything went well, you should (hopefully) have your regular Grub back now.

Install Adobe Flash Player In Fedora

Step 1 – Install the Adobe Flash player repository file by visiting the following link:-
http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/ and select YUM for Linux
this will download the file named adobe-release-i386-1.0-1.noarch.rpm.

open terminal and type the following command by going in that directory where you have downloaded the above file.:-

su -c 'rpm -ivh adobe-release-i386-1.0-1.noarch.rpm'

This will install the repository file adobe-linux-i386.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/ .

Step 2 – Import the Adobe GPG key

after entering the above command ,now enter the following command:-

su -c 'rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-adobe-linux'

Step 3 – Install the Flash Player ensuring sound is enabled

now enter the command:-

su -c 'yum install nspluginwrapper alsa-plugins-pulseaudio flash-plugin'

Step 4 – Test the Flash plugin

Exit all instances of browser and restart browser again


enjoy flash player videos.

Fedora 13 Wireless Not Responding

step1:First of all ,find the non-free repositries for your your wifi card(e.g for my lappy it was "non-free repo for wifi dell 1545")

step2: Install that repo.. by rpm -Uvh

step3: Then install kmod-wl
like yum install kmod-wl;

step4: then service NetworkManager restart

step5: restart your pc..
and enjoy wifi...

Shutdown Command Via Command Prompt

The 'Shutdown' Command Becomes More Flexible and Automated when used from the Command Prompt.

To Run the 'Shutdown' command from the command prompt, go to 'Start > Run', type 'cmd', and press 'Enter'.
In the black box (the command prompt) type 'Shutdown' and the Switches you want to use with the 'Shutdown' command.
You have to use at least one switch for the shutdown command to work.

The Switches :-
The 'Shutdown' command has a few options called Switches. You can always see them by typing 'shutdown -?' in the command prompt if you forget any of them.

-i: Display GUI interface, must be the first option
-l: Log off (cannot be used with -m option)
-s: Shutdown the computer
-r: Shutdown and restart the computer
-a: Abort a system shutdown
-m \\computername: Remote computer to shutdown/restart/abort
-t xx: Set timeout for shutdown to xx seconds
-c “comment”: Shutdown comment (maximum of 127 characters)
-f: Forces running applications to close without warning
-d [u][p]:xx:yy: The reason code for the shutdown u is the user code p is a planned shutdown code xx is the major reason code (positive integer less than 256) yy is the minor reason code (positive integer less than 65536)

Note :- I’ve noticed using a switch with a '-' sign doesn’t work sometimes.
If you are having trouble try using a '/' in place of '-' in your switches.

Examples :-
shutdown –m \\computername –r –f
This command will restart the computer named computername and force any programs that might still be running to stop.

shutdown –m \\computername –r –f –c “I’m restarting your computer. Please save your work now.” –t 120
This command will restart the computer named computername, force any programs that might still be running to stop, give to user on that computer a message, and countdown 120 seconds before it restarts.

shutdown –m \\computername –a
This command will abort a previous shutdown command that is in progress.

Using A Batch File :-
You can create a file that performs the shutdown command on many computers at one time.

In this example I’m going to create a batch file that will use the shutdown command to shut down 3 computers on my home network before I go to bed.

Open 'Notepad' and type the shutdown command to shut down a computer for each computer on the network.
Make sure each shutdown command is on its own line.
An example of what should be typed in notepad is given below-

shutdown –m \\computer1 –s
shutdown –m \\computer2 –s
shutdown –m \\computer3 -s

IP Address

Definition :-
"An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a numerical identification (logical address) that is assigned to devices participating in a computer network utilizing the Internet Protocol for communication between its nodes". -- Wikipedia

The Internet Protocol (IP) has two versions currently in use which are IPv4 and IPv6.
This article represents to IPv4 version only.

How to find out IP Address of your system ?1) Connect to the Internet.
2) Launch MS-DOS Command Prompt.
3) Type "netstat -n", Press Enter.

IP Address Formats :-
Four different formats of IP Address along with example is as given below-

1) Domain Name System (DNS) : www.insecure.in
2) DWORD Format : 2928008962
3) Octal Format : 0256.0205.0337.002
4) Dotted Decimal Format : 174.133.223.2

Converting DNS IP Address into Normal IP Address :-
You can easily get the IP Address of any domain by various methods such as WHOIS, Netstat, Ping, Traceroute, etc.
Here I have used 'Ping' to get IP Address.

1) Connect to the Internet.
2) Launch MS-DOS Command Prompt.
3) Type "ping domainname", Press Enter.

Hide Entire Drives Partition Without Registry

Here is a cool technique which hides entire hard disk drives by a simple procedure.
This is the best security tip to be employ against unauthorised users.

1) Go to Start > Run > type "diskpart".
A DOS window will appear with following description.

DISKPART>

2) Then type "list volume"
The result will look something like one as shown below-

3) Suppose you want to hide drive E then type "select volume 3"
Then a message will appear in same window { Volume 3 is the selected volume}

4) Now type "remove letter E"
Now a message will come { Diskpart Removed the Drive letter }

sometime it requires to reboot the computer.
Diskpart will remove the letter.

Windows XP is not having capabilty to identify the unknown volume.
Your Data is now safe from unauthorised users.

To access the content of hidden Drive repeat the process mentioned above. But in 4th step replace " remove" by "assign".
It means type "assign letter E".

Create Folders And Files With NO! Name

This trick will allow you to create files and folders without any name.

Just follow the steps as given below :-

1) Select any file or folder.

2) Right click on it, select 'Rename' or simply press 'F2'.

3) Press and hold the 'Alt' key. While holding the Alt key, type numbers '0160' from the numpad.

Note :- Type the numbers '0160' from the numpad, that is, the numbers present on the right side of the keyboard.
Don’t type the numbers which are present on top of the character keys.

4) Press Enter and the nameless file or folder will be created.

Reason :- The file or folder that seems nameless is actually named with a single space.

But what if you want to create another nameless file or folder in the same directory ?
For this you will have to rename the file with 2 spaces.
Just follow the steps given below :-

1) Select file, Press 'F2'.

2) Hold 'Alt' key and type '0160' from the numpad.

3) Release the 'Alt' key. Now without doing anything else, again hold 'Alt' key and type '0160'.

4) Press 'Enter' and you will have second nameless file in the same directory.

5) Repeat step 3 to create as many nameless files or folders in the same directory.

(We have a problem with deleting these folders, to do so, start your computer in 'Safe Mode' and delete it from there.)